Objective - The development in education sector as one form of human capital development has been implemented in Indonesia. Some government programs have been attempted as an alternative solution to improve the quality of education.

Methodology/Technique - The paper calculates and analyses an education inequality in Indonesia from 2005 to 2012, and the logit model conducted to estimate the probability of school attendance particularly in secondary school, both in junior and high school.

Findings - The result was very significant which is in term of enrolment rate, the primary education was more equal. However, the data found that the enrolment rate of secondary school was lower than the primary school which was 89.29% of junior school, and 68.45% of high school in 2012. In general there has been education performance improvements in Indonesia during 2005 to 2012.There was a magnitude decrease of education Gini index from 0.353 in 2005 to 0.318 in 2012. In term of location, using the education Lorenz curve it was found that the education inequality was higher in rural than in urban area. There was a strong negative correlation between Mean Years of Schooling and the education Gini index, increasing the mean years of schooling, the education performance will be more equal. Moreover, gender of a child, household characteristics, i.e. father's education, mother's education, poverty status, and geographic location of households, in rural and urban area had a strong and significant effects on secondary school enrolment in Indonesia.

Novelty - The study uses Gini index, Lorenz Curve and Logit model to determine educational performance.

Type of Paper: Empirical

Keywords: School Enrolment; Gini Index; Lorenz Curve; Education Inequality; Logit Model; Indonesia.

JEL Classification: I20, I21, I23.